Thursday, March 7, 1996

Mogwai (魔怪)

Mogwai (魔怪)

Alternative Names (異名):
魔怪(Cantonese), 魔鬼(Mandarin Chinese), móguǐ(pinyin), Mogwai, Mogui


The word mogwai is the transliteration of the Cantonese word 魔怪 (mo1 gwai2) (Mandarin Chinese: 魔鬼; pinyin:móguǐ) meaning "ghost", "evil spirit", "devil" or "demon".


In Chinese culture

According to Chinese tradition, mogui are certain demons, which often inflict harm on humans. They are said to reproduce sexually during mating seasons triggered by the coming of rain. Supposedly, they take care to breed at these times because rain signifies rich and full times ahead.

The term "mo" derives from the Sanskrit "Mara", meaning 'evil beings', which shares a cognate with the Persian "Magi" from which the English word "magic" derives. In Hinduism and Buddhism, Mara determines fates of death and desire that tether people to an unending cycle of reincarnation and suffering. He is the source of evil and purposely leads people to sin, misdeeds and self-destruction. Meanwhile, "gui" does not necessarily mean 'evil' or demonic spirits. Classically, it simply means deceased spirits or souls of the dead. Nevertheless, in modern Chinese, it has evolved to refer usually to the dead spirits or ghosts of non-family members that may take vengeance on living humans who caused them pain when they were still living. It is common for the living to redress their sins by sacrificing money to gui by burning (usually fake) paper banknotes so that gui can have funds to use in their afterlife.

Notably, the modern popular use of mogui as 'demonic' and gui as 'devils' is somewhat a consequence of Western influences as Chinese-language biblical texts translate the Satan in the Book of Job and the Greek term 'diabolos' as mogui.


Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogwai
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mythology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_mythology


Chinese mythology | Fictional species | Ghosts

Sunday, September 4, 1994

Luduan (甪端)

Luduan (甪端)

Alternative Names (異名):
甪端, lù duān, Luduan


A luduan (甪端 pinyin lù duān) was a beast which could detect truth, in the Chinese mythology. Thus in the Qing dynasty, rulers such as the Emperor Qianlong would surround his throne with luduan in order to properly subdue his subjects. In the adjacent image, the luduan were incense burners. The enamelled charcoal braziers next to the Dragon Throne may not actually have been so close, but since Forbidden City in Beijing is at the latitude of Chicago, the Emperor may have required the braziers for comfort. (These artifacts from the Forbidden City are currently visiting the U.S. on loan from Beijing.)

Above the throne, not shown in the image, was secreted a box in which the name of the next emperor was written. This was the way that Qianlong himself learned that he was the successor to the Dragon Throne


See also

Nian (年獸) : another beast with single horn.
Pixiu : similar beast but with wings.


Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luduan
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mythology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_mythology


Chinese mythology | Divination | Chinese words and phrases | Chinese mythology stubs

Wednesday, September 15, 1993

Lion and the Mouse

Lion and the Mouse


A LION was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face. Rising up angrily, he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated, saying: "If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to repay your kindness." The Lion laughed and let him go. It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by some hunters, who bound him by st ropes to the ground. The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came gnawed the rope with his teeth, and set him free, exclaim

"You ridiculed the idea of my ever being able to help you, expecting to receive from me any repayment of your favor; I now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to con benefits on a Lion."


Aesop's Fables | Lion | Mouse

Tuesday, September 1, 1992

Kua Fu (夸父)

Kua Fu (夸父)

Alternative Names (異名):
夸父, Kua Fu


Kua Fu (Chinese: 夸父) is a giant in Chinese mythology who wished to capture the sun.

One day out of the blue, Kua Fu was perplexed by the Sun's whereabouts at night and decided to chase and catch the Sun. With each stride he gets closer to the Sun, however, he could never catch up to it.

He followed the Sun from the East to the West, draining all rivers and lakes crossing his path as sources of water to quench his burning thirst as he closed in on the star. However, he wasn't able to finish his quest because he died of the extreme heat and exhaustion.

The wooden club he was carrying grew into a vast forest. In modern day Chinese usage, the story of Kua Fu chasing the Sun is used to describe a person who fails to obtain his goal because he greatly overestimates himself.


Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kua_Fu
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mythology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_mythology

Wednesday, March 18, 1992

Korean dragon (龍)

Korean dragon (龍)

Alternative Names (異名):
龍(Hanja), 룡(Hangul), 용, ryong, yong, 미르(Traditional Korean)Korean dragon
龍(Traditional Chinese), 龙(Simplified Chinese), Lóng(Hanyu Pinyin)Chinese dragon
龍(Kyūjitai), 竜(Shinjitai), りゅう(Hiragana), たつJapanese dragon
龍(Hán tự), rồng(Quốc ngữ), longVietnamese dragon


The Korean dragon is a certain type of dragon associated with Korean mythology. Like its peers, the Korean dragon is culture-specific, which means it has unique properties that differentiate it from dragons in other cultures. It is generally comparable to its Chinese counterpart in appearance and cultural significance.


Korean dragons

The Korean dragon is derived from Chinese dragon. Whereas most dragons in Western mythology are generally related to the elements of fire and destruction, dragons in Korean mythology are mostly viewed as benevolent beings related to water and agriculture, often considered bringers of rain and clouds. Hence, many Korean dragons are said to have resided in rivers, lakes, oceans or even deep ponds within mountains.

The symbol of the dragon has been used extensively, both in Korean mythology and ancient Korean art. Politically, the dragon represents the Emperor, who himself was associated with rain and agriculture. Hence, those who used the title of King (Wang) were forbidden from wearing dragon adornments; the Fenghuang is the creature traditionally associated with a king.

Ancient texts sometimes mention sentient speaking dragons, capable of understanding such complex emotions such as devotion, kindness, and gratitude. One particular Korean legend speaks of the great King Munmu, who on his deathbed wished to become a "Dragon of the East Sea in order to protect Korea."

The Korean dragon was said to have certain specific traits: no wings, for example, in addition to a long beard. It is in many ways very similar in appearance to dragons of Chinese and Japanese mythology, which is not hard to understand since they all have the same Chinese origin.

Very occasionally a dragon may be depicted as carrying a dragon orb known as the Yeo-ui-ju (여의주) in one or more of its claws. It was said that whoever could wield the Yeo-ui-ju was blessed with the abilities of omnipotence and creation at will, and that only four-toed dragons (those which had thumbs to hold the orbs) were both wise and powerful enough to wield these orbs (as opposed to the lesser, three-toed dragons).

As with Chinese dragons, the number nine is significant with Korean dragons and they are said to have 81 (9x9) scales on their backs.


Imoogi

A close relative to the dragon is a native Korean mythological creature known as an Imugi. There are different stories about the Imoogi: Some, for example, say that they are hornless creatures resembling dragons but have been cursed, and thus were unable to become dragons. Other say that an Imugi is a proto-dragon which must survive one thousand years in order to become a fully fledged dragon. In either case they are said to be large benevolent python-like creatures that live in the waters or caves. Their sighting is associated with good luck.

In the Korean film titled D-War, two Imoogi were seen, one of which took a dragon orb and became a dragon. In this film, however, one of the Imoogi (the one that failed to become a dragon) was portrayed as totally evil, and was killed by the one that became a dragon.


Korean cockatrice

The Korean cockatrice is known as a kye-ryong (계룡), which literally means chicken-dragon; they do not appear as often as dragons. They are sometimes seen as chariot-pulling beasts for important legendary figures or for the parents of legendary heroes. One such legend involves the founding of the Kingdom of Silla, whose princess was said to have been born from a cockatrice egg.


See also

Chinese mythology
Fenghuang
Culture of China
Dragon
Dragon boat race
Dragon dance
Dragon Kung Fu
Imperial guardian lions
Lion dance
Persian dragon
European dragon
Japanese dragon
Korean dragon
Vietnamese dragon
List of dragons in mythology and folklore
Long Mu (Dragon's Mother)
An Instinct for Dragons, hypothesis about the origin of dragon myths.


Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_dragon
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Dragons

Friday, September 1, 1989

Jiaolong (蛟龍)

Jiaolong (蛟龍)

Alternative Names (異名):
蛟龍, Jiaolong, Crocodile Dragon


Jiaolong, in Chinese mythology, is the horned dragon, which is one of the nine Chinese dragons. It does not seem to be powerful enough to be able to fly in the sky, and therefore is mainly known to live in sea and the big river. For this reason, the Jiaolong is also known as the flood dragon.

In Taiwan, a famous waterfall in the Alishan National Scenic Area is also called the Jiaolong or Flood Dragon Waterfall


Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaolong
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mythology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_mythology

Jiang Shi (僵尸, Chinese)

Jiang Shi (僵尸)

Alternative Names (異名):
僵屍(traditional Chinese), 殭屍, 僵尸(simplified), jiāngshī(pinyin), Jiang Shi, Stiff corpse(literally), Chinese vampires(Western), Geungsi(Cantonese), Gangshi(Korean), Kyonshī(Japanese)


Jiang Shi (traditional Chinese: 僵屍 or 殭屍; simplified Chinese: 僵尸; pinyin: jiāngshī; literally "stiff corpse"), sometimes called Chinese vampires by Westerners, are reanimated corpses that hop around, killing living creatures to absorb life essence (气/氣qì) from their victims. jiāngshī is pronounced geungsi in Cantonese, gangshi in Korean, and "kyonshī" in Japanese. They are said to be created when a person's soul (魄 pò) fails to leave the deceased's body, due to improper death, suicide, or just wanting to cause trouble. Generally their appearance can range from plain ordinary (as in the case of a recently deceased person) to downright horrifying (i.e. rotting flesh, stiffness, rigor mortis, the like commonly associated with corpses that have been in a state of decay over a period of time) An unusual feature of folklore is their greenish-white furry skin; one theory is this is derived from fungus or mould growing on corpses. They are said to have long white hair all over their heads. The influence of Western vampire stories brought the blood-sucking aspect to the Chinese myth in modern times. In fact, Dracula is translated to Chinese as "blood-sucking jiāngshī" where the thirst of blood is explicitly emphasized because it is not a traditional trait of a jiāngshī.

It came from the mythical folklore practice of "Traveling a Corpse over a Thousand Li" (千里行屍), where traveling companion or family members who could not afford wagons or have very little money would hire Taoist priests to transport corpses of their friends/family members who died far away from home over long distances by teaching them to hop on their own feet back to their hometown for proper burial. This practice (湘西趕屍) was popular in Xiangxi where many people left their hometown to work elsewhere. After they died, their corpses were transported back to their rural hometown using long bamboo rods, believed they were home-sick or buried somewhere unfamiliar. When the bamboo flexed up and down, the corpses appeared to be hopping in unison from a distance. Some people speculate that the scary mythology about Jiang Shis was originally made up by smugglers who disguised their illegal activities as corpse transportation and wanted to scare off law enforcement officers.

Jiang Shis were a popular subject in Hong Kong movies during the 1980s; some movies even featured both Jiang Shis and "Western" zombies. In the movies, Jiang Shis can be put to sleep by putting on their foreheads a piece of yellow paper with a spell written on it (Chinese talisman or 符, pinyin: fú). Generally in the movies the Jiang Shi are dressed in imperial Qing Dynasty clothes, their arms permanently outstretched due to rigor mortis. Like those depicted in Western movies, they tend to appear with an outrageously long tongues and long razor sharp black fingernails. They can be evaded by holding one's breath, as they track living creatures by detecting their breathing. They're blind, and lack knowledge. Their visual depiction as horrific Qing Dynasty officials reflects a common stereotype among the Han Chinese of the foreign Manchu people, who founded the much-despised dynasty, as bloodthirsty creatures with little regard for humanity. It is also the conventional wisdom of feng shui in Chinese architecture that a threshold (traditional Chinese: 門檻; simplified Chinese: 门槛; pinyin: ménjiàn), a piece of wood approximately 15 cm (6 in) high, be installed along the width of the door at the bottom to prevent a Jiang Shi from entering the household. When grains or rice, seeds, anything small thrown in the path of a jiang shi, the jiang shi will stop and count the grains of rice. Sticky rice is believed to draw the evil spirit of the jiang shi out


Cultural references

The Jiang Shi has appeared in many films from Hong Kong that have seen Western release, including the Geungsi Sinsang (also known as Mr. Vampire) series featuring Lam Ching-Ying.

Mixed Martial Artist Genki Sudo employed a troupe of break-dancing Jiang Shi in one of his characteristically flashy stage entrances.

The Jiang Shi once appeared in an episode of Jackie Chan Adventures.

In Darkstalkers, a character by the name of Hsien-Ko is a Jiang Shi, her sister Mei-Ling is Chinese talisman on her hat.

The character of Chaozu in the anime/manga series Dragon Ball (Z) is reportedly based on a Jiang Shi, with his very pale skin, the fact he flies instead of walking most of the time and that by stretching out his arms he invokes his powers. His costume is also very common to the Quin Dynasty that Jiang Shis supposedly wear


See also

Undead
Vampire
Vetala
Medieval revenant
Zombie
Chinese mythology
Yokai
Yurei
Chupacabra


Links

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiang_Shi
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_mythology
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chinese_mythology


Chinese mythology | Vampires | Corporeal undead